Elk travel time [displacement] was highest during ATV exposure, followed by exposure to mountain biking, hiking, and horseback riding.
A comprehensive approach for managing human activities to meet elk objectives should include careful management of off-road recreational activities, particularly ATV riding and mountain biking, which caused the largest reductions in feeding time and increases in travel time.
Steve Bennett photo.
By Keith Hammer
May 2005
A short history of the American Indians whose names still grace the lakes and mountains of the Swan Range. Weighing in at a sleek one-ounce and measuring 5.5” x 8.5”, a perfect fit for your backpack!
Public Motorized Trespass and Administrative Activity on Closed Roads in the Upper Swan, Lower Swan, and Noisy Face Geographic Units
Swan_2004_Rd_Closure_Report.pdf
Swan_2004_Rd_Closure_chart.pdf
Roads Threaten Bull Trout on the Bitterroot, Flathead and Lolo National Forests
Watersheds_at_Risk_report.pdf
Watersheds_at_risk_SumTable.pdf
Roads Outnumber Streams in Developed Flathead Watersheds.
Off_the_Charts_report.pdf
Off_the_Charts_workbook.xls
Facilitating Physical Access also Extends the Snowmobiing Season, Resulting in Harm to Wildlife Security, Vegetation, Soils and Water
From Swan View’s News, Spring/Summer 2002
SVnews-SS-02.pdf
Six photos and seven paragraphs demonstrating the choice between streambed restoration or streambed devastation
—by Keith Hammer.
The glint of a Swan Ranger’s eye!
